How to become a speech and language therapist

Speech and language therapists assess, diagnose, and treat people with speech, language, voice, and communication disorders. They typically work with individuals of all ages who struggle to communicate because of conditions such as stammering, voice problems, learning disabilities, hearing impairments, and developmental delays. SLTs may also support those with swallowing difficulties, helping them eat and drink safely. 

Speech and language therapists work in diverse settings, from hospitals and community health centres to schools, private clinics, and patients’ homes. Many SLTs specialise in a particular area, such as paediatric speech disorders, adult neurological conditions, or voice therapy. The role typically involves creating treatment plans, conducting therapy sessions, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals, teachers, and families to ensure that patients receive ongoing support and care.

SLTs must complete a degree approved by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) (external link). This is typically either a three-year undergraduate Speech and Language Therapy degree or a two-year postgraduate qualification. 

HCPC-approved degree entry requirements typically include A-Levels in subjects such as English, psychology, biology, or mathematics, though specific requirements may vary. Postgraduate conversion courses are often available for graduates in psychology, linguistics, education, or healthcare. 

SLT degrees typically combine anatomy, linguistics, psychology, and therapeutic techniques, providing hands-on experience in practical placements and clinical settings to help students apply their knowledge in real-world settings.

Registration with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) is mandatory for all UK speech and language therapists. To register with the HCPC, you must have completed an approved qualification programme. 

The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (RCSLT) can provide professional support and guidance, but membership is typically not mandatory for practice.

Speech and language therapists often require clinical expertise, interpersonal abilities, and technical skills.

Some of the most required personal skills include: 

• Strong communication skills are essential for explaining technical and psychological concepts to patients, their families, and other healthcare professionals.
• Empathy and patience can help build trust with clients.
• Critical thinking and problem-solving abilities can help SLTs assess complex needs and develop personalised treatment plans.
• Attention to detail can be vital when conducting assessments and noting progress.
• Creativity can help when designing therapy activities, especially with children. 

SLTs may also need to be proficient in various specialist assessment tools, therapy software, and equipment. Strong independent research abilities can help professionals stay current with best practices.

SLT programmes are designed to give students practical experience through clinical placements. These placements can be in various settings, including hospitals, schools, and community clinics. 

For extra experience, some students volunteer for organisations supporting people with communication difficulties, while many universities offer additional placements or research projects that provide deeper insight into specific areas of expertise. 

Moreover, some aspiring SLTs seek experience through roles in education, healthcare, or social care. For example, working as a teaching assistant or care worker. This can help them develop foundational knowledge and demonstrate their commitment to helping others.

Qualified speech and language therapists can specialise in various areas, such as paediatric services, learning disabilities, and voice disorders. Some SLTs focus on specific settings, like schools, mental health services, or private practice. 

Experienced SLTs may transition into senior clinical roles, team leadership, research positions, or academic teaching. Many SLTs seek additional qualifications in particular areas, such as stammering therapy or clinical leadership, while others might move into related fields like clinical psychology or educational psychology. 

According to GOV.UK (external link), newly qualified SLTs might start on £31,000 per year, while more experienced professionals can earn up to £55,000 per year. Senior or specialised roles, as well as private practice professionals, may earn more (external link).

With intensive study and demanding placements, training to become an SLT can be a big commitment. The role itself can be emotionally challenging, but it can also make a meaningful difference to people’s lives. 

If you enjoy working with people, have strong communication skills, and are interested in the science behind human communication, speech and language therapy could be a rewarding career for you.